Validation and Verification Bodies or Designated Operational Entities
Validation and Verification Bodies or Designated Operational Entities (CDM/PACM) are critical third-party auditors in carbon markets — they ensure the credibility, accuracy, and integrity of emissions reductions/removals claimed by projects before credits are issued.
Estimated project volume as proxy for
VVB Demand in 2025 & Beyond
requirements
What it takes to become a
VVB or DOE?
- ISO Accreditation: Valid GHG conformity accreditation (e.g., ISO 14065/ISO 14064-3) from an International Accreditation Forum member .
- Quality Management System: Documented, implemented, and auditable procedures governing VVB/DOE activities, consistent with programme requirements (often mapped to ISO/IAF expectations).
- Auditor Competence: Team members must demonstrate relevant technical qualifications, training, and experience in GHG validation/verification aligned with standards’ competency frameworks (e.g., ISO 14064-3, CCMA, programme-specific exam requirements for Gold Standard).
- Impartiality & Conflict-of-Interest Safeguards: Policies and procedures to ensure independence from project developers and avoidance of self-review/consultancy conflicts.
- Professional Liability Insurance: Typically required to underwrite validation and verification work.
- Accreditation and annual maintenance fees: Typically range from about USD 5,000–15,000 for initial accreditation, USD 3,000–10,000 for reaccreditation, and USD 2,000–8,000 per year for annual fees, depending on scope and programs.
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